Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) (10mg)
$120USD
Third-Party Tested
Independent lab verified
Batch-Specific CoA
Publicly accessible
YPB.231
Reference number
10mg
Lyophilized vial
28-amino-acid peptide from thymosin fraction 5. Isolated by Goldstein et al. in 1977. Key role in T-cell maturation.
Origin
Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) was isolated from thymosin fraction 5, a partially purified thymic extract, by Allan Goldstein and colleagues at the University of Texas Medical Branch in 1977. The thymus gland had been identified as essential for immune development in the 1960s by Jacques Miller, and Goldstein's work aimed to identify the specific peptide factors responsible.
Research Lineage
TA1 has been approved as a pharmaceutical (Zadaxin) in over 35 countries for hepatitis B and C treatment and as an immune adjuvant. Garaci et al. in Italy and Pei et al. in China have conducted extensive clinical research. It has been studied in viral infections, cancer immunotherapy adjunct protocols, and vaccine response enhancement.
Mechanism of Action
TA1 activates toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR9) on dendritic cells, promoting maturation and antigen presentation. It has been observed to stimulate T-cell differentiation, enhance NK cell cytotoxicity, and modulate cytokine profiles toward a Th1 response. In preclinical models, it promotes the differentiation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and upregulates MHC class I expression.
Structural Notes
28-amino-acid peptide. N-terminally acetylated. Molecular weight: 3108 Da. Highly acidic (pI ~4.2) due to multiple Asp and Glu residues.
Key References
Goldstein AL et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74(2):725-9.
Garaci E et al. Int J Immunopharmacol. 2000;22(12):1067-73.
Research Use Only. This product is intended for laboratory research purposes only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not for sale to minors.